About me

 This blog springs from my lifelong interest in how things came to be the way they are. Geology and deep time. Living things and their evolution. Humanity as part of nature. From my discovery, late in life (I had a very sheltered upbringing) that there are people who simply do not believe in these well-established realities. And from my conviction that reality is much more interesting than truth-denying dogma. Old Earth – Young Earth; how do we know what we know? Creationism and evolution – why do some people deny more than two centuries of science, and how do we reach out to them? The myth of the missing links; what we can and do find in the fossil record, and what we can’t and don’t. Our impact on the environment, and the dangers of denial.

I had a religious upbringing, which I rejected in my late teens after a road-from-Damascus experience, but none of this ever affected my attitude to science. I retain an affection for many aspects of religion, and unlike some of my colleagues I see no point in picking fights with believers unless and until they attempt to interfere with the teaching of science, or with the public understanding of morality. As for morality, that I regard as springing from our common humanity. If someone wants to believe in a God who created heaven and earth, that is not my business. However, it does very much become my business if someone wants to teach children that whales came into existence before land mammals, because Genesis says so, or that homosexuality is wicked because of Leviticus, or that condoms are useless because that fits Catholic doctrine, or that the Earth is not warming because its doing so has implications for economic policy. And we see all of these things every day.

I trained, taught, and had an enjoyable research career as a chemist, and occasionally I will comment on developments in the physical sciences. But more and more throughout my career I gravitated to the concerns I mentioned in my opening paragraph, by way of an interest in conditions on the ancient Earth, and what they tell us about one of the most interesting questions in science, the origin of life on this planet. My earlier book, From Stars to Stalagmites, discusses aspects of chemistry in their historical and everyday contexts, and I am now working on a book exploring the links between creationism, climate change denial, conspiracy theories, and right-wing politics. Email: psbraterman@yahoo.com; contactable at @paulbraterman@sciencemastodon.com

Like everyone else, I am a non-expert outside a relatively limited field, and outside that field I have to rely on secondary sources to keep me abreast of things. But one promise I will make to my readers here; when dealing with any scientific development, I will drill down at the very least to an authoritative review, and when the matter is of particular importance I will go to the original scientific literature, make the effort to satisfy myself that I am describing it correctly, and give the original literature citation and digital object identifier (doi). (Much of this literature is behind a pay wall, but even then a simple search on the doi will usually lead you to an abstract and press releases.)

And, again like everyone else, I have strong political views which I will occasionally indulge here, as well as an active interest in curbing the usurpation of political power by organized religion, an interest that I was delighted to find many deeply religious people share.

I hope you will enjoy what you read here. I also hope that you will find plenty to disagree with, and will say so.

Brief bio  and selected accomplishments

Email psbraterman@yahoo.com or paul.braterman@glasgow.ac.uk, mastodon @paulbraterman@sciencemastodon. Facebook Paul Braterman. Glasgow University webpage (being constructed at time of writing), https://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/chemistry/staff/paulbraterman/

I have been campaigning to increase public understanding of science and evolution for more than ten years. My on-line piece, How to slam dunk creationists when it comes to the theory of evolution, has attracted over 700,000 reads on The Conversation, and has been translated into Arabic. I have been a regular contributor to 3 Quarks Daily, and my writing has also appeared in Newsweek, International Business Times, Science Alert, Scientia Salon, Scientific American, Salon.com, PhysOrg, Muslim Heritage, the leading Brazilian webzine Letras & e-Artes, The Clergy Letter Project, Skeptic’s guide to the Universe, pandasthumb.org, and The American Biology Teacher among other places. I am mentioned by name, for my role in successful campaigns in England and Scotland to block the teaching of creationism as science, in The Guardian, The Independent, The Scotsman, and the [Glasgow] Herald. A report on this campaigning attracted 290,000 “likes” on the FaceBook page I F***ing Love Science, and my Skeptics Guide to the Universe podcast on the subject has been downloaded over 100,000 times. I have been singled out for attack by Answers in Genesis, by Creation Ministries International, by the Institute for Creation Research, and by the neo-creationist Discovery Institute Center for Science and Culture. I am currently Honorary Senior Research Fellow, formerly Reader in Chemistry, at the University of Glasgow, and Professor Emeritus, formerly Regents Professor, at the University of North Texas, and the author of over 120 peer-reviewed and invited scientific papers and book chapters. My research has involved me with every branch of chemistry, as well as the geochemistry of the early Earth, and chemistry relevant to the origins of life. I pursued these topics as a visiting scholar at Scripps Institution of Oceanography and at Sandia National Laboratories. My work there and at the University of North Texas was supported by NASA’s Exobiology and Astrobiology initiatives and the (US) National Science Foundation, and I was part of the panel that advised NASA on the setting up of its Astrobiology Research Centers. I hold one undergraduate degree (First Class Honors MA in Chemistry) and two graduate degrees (DPhil, DSc) from the University of Oxford (DPhil is the equivalent of PhD, DSc is a career recognition degree for significant contributions to knowledge). My writing has been praised by Alice Roberts (biologist, Professor of public engagement in science, Birmingham), Jim Al-Khalili FRS (Professor of Theoretical Physics and of Public Engagement in Science, Surrey), the cosmologist Eric Chaisson (Harvard), Roald Hoffmann (author, poet, Nobel Laureate chemist, Cornell), Abbas Raza (my editor at 3 Quarks Daily), Glenn Branch and Eugenie Scott of the (US) National Center for Science Education, Michael Zimmerman, director of the Clergy Letter Project whose 13,000 members celebrate evolution as God’s handiwork, the educators Michael Reiss (UCL) and James Williams (Sussex), Christine Janis (Professor emerita, evolutionary biology, Brown University), the novelist-historian of ideas Rebecca Stott, David Sloan Wilson (biologist at Binghampton; co-founder of the Evolution Institute) and the philosophers Massimo Pigliucci (CUNY) and Maarten Boudry (Ghent), among others. I am interested in sharing scientific ideas, and scientific ways of thinking, with the broadest possible audience. I have spoken about evolution, creationism, and related matters at the Edinburgh International Science Festival, the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, the Glasgow Galilean Society, Glasgow and Dundee Skeptics in the Pub, and the Conway Hall Ethical Society, and have twice given evidence to the Scottish Parliament. I am an unbeliever, but concerned to build bridges to science-accepting believers, and am a member of The Clergy Letter Project’s List of Scientific Consultants. My first non-technical book, From Stars to Stalagmites – How Everything Connects, World Scientific, Singapore, 2012, was well received (Royal Society of Chemistry’s Chemistry World, Societa’ Italiana di Physica), was described by Roald Hoffman as “A superb combination of history and scientific explanation!”, and was a Scientific American book club selection.

I testified to the Scottish Parliament Public Petitions Committee on behalf of the Scottish Secular Society’s petition regarding the teaching of Creationism in Scottish schools, a petition that attracted international attention, and led the Scottish Government to clearly state, for the first time, that Creationism is not valid science and should not be taught as such.

  1. Welcome to the world of blogging. I hope you do a better job than I do at keeping your blog up to date!

    Liked by 1 person

  2. Is there any way to purchase/rent those 120 papers that you wrote?
    I’m an undergraduate studying biology in Australia, always looking for references for assignments.

    Liked by 1 person

    • Most of my papers aren’t about biology, though the motivation for much of my work was to learn more about molecular interactions of possible relevance to the origins of life.

      If you are a University student, you should be able to look me up on World of Science or some similar data base, and obtain my papers through your University library. And anyone can look me up on Google Scholar, with some of the links there leading to full texts of the papers, and most to, at least, the abstracts.

      Liked by 1 person

  3. Thank you for adding me to your blogroll! I will add your blog to my long neglected blogroll as well 🙂

    Liked by 1 person

  4. Congratulations, Paul!

    I have nominated your blog for the Very Inspiring Blogger Award.

    The rules of this award are at

    Very Inspiring Blogger Award, thanks Ina Helgiu!

    Liked by 1 person

  5. Paul

    I attempted to leave a comment at the Smithsonian site but my post was censored. Apparently any information related to a Young Earth is considered on par with racism or potty words.

    Anyway, I am interested in two things. One is related to dinosaur biological material and radiometric dating. The other is, would you ever be interested in having an “Age of the Earth” debate? I have a friend that is a radio talk show host for Real Science Radio and I am sure he would be up for the challenge.

    Daniel

    Liked by 1 person

    • Not knowing what happened to you on the Smithsonian site, I cannot comment. However, there is an endless stream of highly repetitive creationist pseudoscience (excellent summary at http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/list.html) and they may be unwilling to allow their site to be used to promulgate it.

      I do not debate creationists – it’s like having a boxing match with a roly-poly toy.

      You will find an excellent discussion of radiometric dating at Wiens, R.C. (2002). Radiometric Dating – A Christian Perspective. By a Los Alamos physicist. Discusses all the different methods, and deals with the scientific and religious so-called objections (Wiens is PI on the latest Mars probe, for the LIBS system): http://www.asa3.org/ASA/resources/wiens.html

      There is more than one creationist myth regarding dinosaur dating; I expect you will find yours discussed on the talkorigins site.

      Hope this helps.

      Liked by 1 person

      • So you have no opinion on the recent discoveries of the age of dinosaurs and the existence of dinosaur biological material?

        I personally find the issue quite intriguing. Because one way or the other you need to find a mechanism that can preserve these tissues for an extraordinary amount of time or the item is much younger.

        How do you approach this?

        Liked by 1 person

      • Did you, as I suggested, check out your dinosaur dating question on the talkorigins site? Since you ask abiut my own approach, I use here my professional knowledge of organic-inorganic composites [see e.g. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,Vol. 113, 1905–1915 (2009), Applied Clay Science Volume: 48, 2010, 235-242, and J. Phys. Chem. C, (2007), 111(10), 4021-4026], and note that despite much hype the only surviving material is in the form of a collagen-bone composite. The mechanism, in short, is topotactically adjusted hydrogen bonding, the same mechanism that makes the tendons stick to the bone surface during life.

        Now you have had two bites at the same cherry, and that is enough.

        Liked by 1 person

      • Paul, you wrote: “despite much hype the only surviving material is in the form of a collagen-bone composite.” The most comprehensive catalog of dino soft tissue findings online is at rsr.org/soft. Here’s what’s been published, in Nature, Science, PNAS, PLoS One, Proceedings of the Royal Society, Bone, the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, and other journals…

        Biological Material Found: As of March 2014, in fossils from dinosaur-layer and deeper strata, researchers have discovered flexible and transparent blood vessels, red blood cells, many various proteins including collagen, actin, and hemoglobin, and powerful evidence for DNA.

        Dinosaur and Dinosaur-Layer Creatures: The dinosaurs and other Mesozoic creatures that have yielded their biological material are hadrosaur, titanosaur, ornithomimosaur [ostrich-like dinosaurs], mosasaur, triceratops, Lufengosaurs, T. rex, and Archaeopteryx.

        Liked by 1 person

      • Bob, your link is to http://kgov.com/dinosaur-soft-tissue, your own web site, with your own interpretations of the literature you report. One sample will serve: the claim “scientists confirm another biological tissue discovery” is based on Microspectroscopic Evidence of Cretaceous Bone Proteins, PLOS1 here, which, as anyone can verify from the paper, actually says “amino acid containing matter is located in bone matrix fibrils that express imprints of the characteristic 67 nm D-periodicity typical of collagen.” I leave it to readers to decide whether your description or mine is more faithful to the reported data, and to explore, if they wish, your other examples.

        Liked by 1 person

      • Hi Paul. Of the 24 peer-review papers excerpted and linked to, you selected one that reported on collagen. I went ahead and added some of the other findings to the top of the article, to make it more clear what has been found in fossils from dinosaur-layer and deeper strata:
        – flexible and transparent blood vessels
        – red blood cells
        – many various proteins including the microtubule building block TUBULIN
        – collagen
        – the cytoskeleton component ACTIN,
        – and HEMOGLOBIN
        – the bone maintenance osteocyte cells,
        – and powerful evidence for DNA.

        Various items in that list have been confirmed by sequencing and by immunological testing. The era of informed scientists claiming such findings were a result of biofilm and other contamination has passed. This is the data; and a growing body of evidence it is. Now the scientific community must deal with it.

        Liked by 1 person

      • I refer readers to the papers you cite, and repeat my invitation to them to compare what is published with your claims. I will leave this discussion there.

        Like

  6. Christopher Clifford

    I’ve received your book “From Stars to Stalagmites” from Amazon.com this afternoon and it’s excellent. The account of Fritz Haber is especially interesting. I became aware of Haber from my university history professor, Dr. Donald Richter, who wrote “Chemical Soldiers,” an account of the British Army chemical warfare section and its contributions during the First World War. I also enjoy your website, having subscribed in the past couple of months. In your biography, I read that you’ve done work regarding the origin of life. I’ve read a number of general interest books on this subject, among them “First Life” by David Deamer, “Life on a Young Planet” by Andrew Knoll, and “Young Sun, Early Earth, and the Origin of Life” by multiple authors. As I learn more, I’m amazed and disappointed at what’s available, yet I’d like to learn more, and guidance would be appreciated. Could you compile a reading list for me on the origin of life? It’s difficult to explain why this subject is so fascinating, perhaps it’s because the field is interdisciplinary, extending from physics, chemistry, geology, biology, to paleontology and astronomy. Thanks in advance for any help you can offer. And here’s to an early spring, with all the cold weather we’ve had, I’d like to take my little son out fossil collecting and star gazing soon!

    Liked by 1 person

    • Thanks. Regarding origns of life, you have chosen well. I am a few years out of touch with the field, but would recommend Gen.e.sis by Robert Hazen, the Fifth Miracle Paul davies, and the underrated The Emergence of Life on Earth by Iris Fry. Seven Clues to the Origins of Life by Graham Cairns-Smith is a great read. Few would accept his conclusions, although his concept of genetic takeover is liberating.

      Liked by 1 person

  7. Hi
    I love what you’re doing here, but was pained to see you trying to distance yourself from colleagues who ‘pick fights’ with believers for reasons other than the ones you have chosen.
    I don’t like to see you throw your colleagues to the lions on your home page.
    JA

    Liked by 1 person

  8. Dr. Braterman:
    I will be in Inverness, Scotland for a Clan Munro gathering the 22nd to 29th of July. If I have an address I will be delighted to send you a DVD copy of a book I have written that refutes creationism. In my discussions with creationists I have developed rules that have proven successful
    1) Don’t debate those that promote creationism. To them it is a business and they are not about to concede. Direct your efforts solely toward the believers in creationism.
    2) Avoid debunking creationism from a scientific standpoint. Most who believe in creationism are essentially scientifically illiterate and in no position to differentiate between real science and pseudo-science.
    3) Attack creationism as an embarrassment to the Christian religion as nothing in the New Testament is dependent on the Old Testament.
    4) Focus on the failure of creationists to explore the possibility that what Genesis is describing may well be in accord with modern science. Examples:
    – The first four verses of Genesis describe the conditions at the moment of the Big Bang; and yes light had to be separated from darkness but not in a day but 380,000 years later.
    – Verse five describes how the author reckons time by the coming and going of light. Major epochs are indeed marked by the coming of light and it’s disappearance.
    – Adam’s rib is still missing and the ‘flaming sword that prevents a return to Eden still exist. Consult a biology book and look at the 23rd chromosome of the male and the mitotic fiber bundles. Ask creationists how could the author have known this?
    – The patriarchs, who supposedly lived to 900 + years. They are not humans and their total age, according to the oldest extant religious document from which the ages where obtained, is 4,320,000,000 years.
    The story of Noah’s Ark is the weak link in creationism. If, as the story goes, an olive tree was submerged in water for the better part of a year then the dove could not possibly have returned with a “freshly plucked olive leaf”. My book offers several experiment to verify this.
    Cheers, Charles Munroe Simi Valley, California ccmunroeiii@msn.com

    Liked by 1 person

  9. Please consider signing and sharing our petition calling for the Welsh government to advise schools on visiting a creationist zoo.
    https://www.assemblywales.org/gethome/e-petitions/epetition-list-of-signatories.htm?pet_id=1020#.U7Kl-yrKPfM.twitter

    Liked by 1 person

  10. hey paul – thanks for including my blog on your blogroll! made my day.

    Liked by 1 person

  11. Ralph Gironda

    I, too, had a similar experience. I went from ignoring the Catholic faith to science, dipped into Evolution and found it wanting-or disprovable scientifically- then took courses in anthropology where I had to take evolution courses, then to finally specialize in human paleontology with a sidebar of North American archaeology. What I finally came to conclude is that when somebody is entrenched in their ideas it is more important to continue your research ignoring their criticism but publish your ideas (like blogging) for students who want to further come up with ideas and for some interaction. The prime example for not getting into arguments is the Creationist/Evolution debate. Not only are both sides entrenched but one takes the Bible and and applies it to science and the other can’t see contradictory evidence when there is any. The proper procedure is to approach the Bible as an historical document and see what information we can glean from it. For example, it does not matter how old the earth is because it could have taken God by our measurements billions of years to create Humankind. When we focus on Adam we find that he had two sons, one was a sheppard and one was a city-dweller. We can place the rise of cities at !0,000 bp which would give us a fair calculation on a time frame. Can we make these kind of conclusions in a clear and sensible way with starting on a crusade?

    Liked by 1 person

    • The Catholic Church has long since accepted the material fact of human evolution from non-human animals, and that Ken Miler, one of the most vocal opponents of creationism is a Catholic, sees evolution as the Divine Creativity in action, and rhapsodises about this in his book Finding Darwin’s God.

      In my experience, what is presented as contradictory evidence to the scientific narrative is of three kinds: (1) things we don’t yet understand, e.g. origins of life (not part of evolution as such, anyway, but its precursor); (2) informative anomalies, e.g. differences in K/Ar and U/Pb ages for metamorphically altered rocks; (3) bullshit. Generating such bullshit is a full time professional activity for Answers in Genesis, Inst for Creation Research, Creation Ministries international and, at a seemingly higher level, Discovery Institute. refuting them is a cottage industry, whose fruits you will find at http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/list.html.

      We know that cities arose separately in Old and New Worlds; relating this to an iron age myth with mythical bronze age author does not seem to me a good approach.

      Liked by 1 person

      • Ralph Gironda

        This is not an Iron Age myth nor is there a mythical Bronze Age. Archaeologists have set-up a classification as the Bronze Age. Radiocarbon dating has established this date for the Old World. New World cities evolved later and did not become true cities until about 250 AD. (I have too go my time is up on the computer.)

        Liked by 1 person

      • Very briefly; I’m not sure you got my allusion. Moses would have been bronze age if historical, but the Books of Moses are iron age on internal evidence (e.g. all those references to iron). And the foundation of New World cities was as you say later than Old World, but independent, so I don’t see how the Cain and Abel story gives us insight here. And your “city dweller” is a bit of a stretch, given population size within the story. There are many interesting ways of using Genesis; a key to history, biology, or geology is not among them.

        Liked by 1 person

  12. Dating is the basis of history and archaeology. Once a chronology is established events can be dated older or young in reference to one another. In archaeology stratigraphy can also enhance accuracy. Written records have to speak for themselves. Interpretation is essential for accuracy, too. The Bible is not a textbook on geology or biology, but is an historical record of a tribe of Hebrews through history. It is also a handbook for Christian living. Since you brought up Moses and there are references to iron he has been dated to the Iron Age, 1200BC. Cain was building a city. There must have been the use of iron and cities for them to write about these things. If you think that Ancient history is all myth then look at Schliemann. The Trojan War was fiction-read myth-until he found Troy. The Hittites were found based on Biblical texts. The point I want to make is that bias and prejudice must be set aside to look at any evidence objectively. There are hard-core proponents on both sides, and the is no point in arguing with them. It is important to look at all the evidence objectively not just through your own bias-rimmed glasses. As Sherlock Holmes said in The Boscombe Valley Mystery, look at the evidence from different angles and you might come up with a new solution -read interpretation.

    Liked by 1 person

    • It was rational to regard the Trojan War as myth until Schliemann, and even post-Schliemann we can question almost all of Homer’s details. Given what we know about how texts get corrupted and manipulated, I do not think I’m biased in regarding as unsubstantiated all biblical history before, say the first records of the existence of a House of DWD. But perhaps we differ, so let’s leave it at that.

      Liked by 1 person

  13. It is interesting when there’s a paradigm shift in science, orthodoxy always tries to use authorities to suppress emerging truth. Ad hominem attacks, harassment and calls for prohibiting the teaching of false beliefs aren’t part of the scientific method they are the signs of ignorance amplified by arrogance.

    Comparative science converges on truth only when all avenues are investigated. When one perspective suppresses others, it’s no longer science but illogical religion the followers can’t see.

    Liked by 1 person

    • What you say sounds reasonable. And yet I presume that you would want to stop schools from teaching that there is no evidence for the Holocaust, or that Joan of Arc met Winston Churchill, or that Christians are devoid of morality, and in the same way I want to stop schools from teaching that there is no evidence for evolution, or that dinosaurs pulled dog carts, or that evolution scientists are devoid of morality, all of which was in the books (I’ve read them) handed out at Kirktonholme. Evolution is not a matter of perspective, but a matter of fact. As for the suppression of alternative ideas, this is the speciality of Creationist universities and schools; see my post http://wp.me/p21T1L-9S of 4 Dec 2013, the current scandal at Bryan College, which now forces its faculty to swear their belief in the historical reality of an individual Adam and Eve, or the way Dembski got into hot water at South Western Baptist for not being Creationist enough.

      Liked by 1 person

  14. Would you come to Worthing Skepticsinthepub to debate an IDer?

    Liked by 1 person

  15. Hi Paul, would you be interested/ available in doing a presentation at (the newly formed) Eilan Siar Skeptics in the pub, in Stornoway?

    Liked by 1 person

  16. Teresa Golden

    Hi Paul,
    Greetings from UNT. Hope you are doing well. I enjoy your blog.
    T. Golden

    Liked by 1 person

  17. Happy to see your comment on my Critical Reading blog and glad to have you among my readers. Please DO recommend me to your friends!
    Alice Horning

    Like

  18. Dear Dr. Braterman thank you for writing this fascinating blog. From a Jewish perspective evolution is only difficult for those unfamiliar with the Kabbalah (which is most of us):

    “The theory of evolution accords with the secrets of Kabbalah better than any other theory. Evolution follows a path of ascent and thus provides the world with a basis for optimism. How can one despair, seeing that everything evolves and ascends? When we penetrate the inner nature of evolution, we find divinity illuminated in perfect clarity. Ein Sof (Without End) generates, actualizes potential infinity” (Rabbi Avraham Kook, Orot ha-Qodesh, 2:537, translated in Matt, The Essential Kabalah: The Heart of Jewish Mysticism, p. 31).

    Best regards,

    https://thenutgarden.wordpress.com/2016/04/11/the-great-chain-of-being-and-desire-to-receive/

    Liked by 1 person

  1. Pingback: Creationist Wisdom #875: Genius in Scotland | The Sensuous Curmudgeon

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